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Valley and Sierra Miwok
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Everything about Valley And Sierra Miwok totally explained
The Valley and Sierra Miwok (also called the Plains and Sierra Miwok), were the largest group of Miwok Native American people. They lived in Northern California on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains between the Fresno and Cosumnes Rivers and also in the "Central Valley" in the delta area, where the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers converge.
Culture
The Valley and Sierra Miwok lived by hunting and gathering, and lived in small bands without centralized political authority. They were skilled at basketry.
Religion
The original Valley and Sierra Miwok people world view included Shamanism, one form this took was the Kuksu religion that was evident in Central and Northern California, which included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage, shamanic intervention with the spirit world and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. Kuksu was shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as the Pomo, Maidu, Ohlone, Esselen, and northernmost Yokuts. However Kroeber observed less "specialized cosmogony" in the Miwok, which he termed one of the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups", in comparison to the Maidu and other northern California tribes.
Traditional Narratives
The record of myths, legends, tales, and histories from the Valley and Sierra Miwok is one of the most extensive in the state. These groups participated in the general cultural pattern of Central California.
Divisions
There were four definite regional and linguistic sub-divisions known as: Valley Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok, and Southern Sierra Miwok:
Valley Miwok
The Valley Miwok inhabited the general area of modern San Joaquin County and parts of Sacramento Valley. They spoke Plains Miwok a language in the Utian linguistic group.
Authentic Villages
The authenticated Valley Miwok villages are:
On the Cosumnes River: Chuyumkatat, Lulimal, Mayeman, Mokos-umni, Sukididi, Supu, Tukui, Yomit. Also near the river: Umucha, Yumhui.
On Mokelumne River: Lel-amni, Mokel(-umni), Sakayak-umni.
On the east bank of Sacramento River below Sacramento: Hulpu-mni.
On Jackson Creek: Ochech-ak.
History
Northern Sierra Miwok
The Northern Miwok inhabited the upper watersheds of the Mokelumne River and the Calaveras River.See also Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park near Volcano, California. They spoke Northern Sierra Miwok a language in the Utian linguistic group.
Authentic Villages
The authenticated Northern Sierra Miwok villages are:
The Merced River flows through Manteca. The Mono people (considered Paiute) occupied the higher Sierras and entered Yosemite from the east. Miwoks occupied the lower western foothills of the Sierras and entered from the west. Disputes between the two were violent, and the residents of the valley, in defense of their territory, were considered to be among the most aggressive of any tribes in the area. When encountered by immigrants of European descent, the neighboring Southern Sierra Miwok tribe referred to the Yosemite valley residents as "killers".(External Link ) It is from this reference and a confusion over the word for "grizzly bear" that Bunnell named the valley Yosemite. The native residents called the valley awahni. Today, there's some debate about the original meaning of the word, since the Southern Miwok language is virtually extinct, but recent Southern Miwok speakers defined it as "place like a gaping mouth." Those living in awahni were known as the Awahnichi (also spelled Ahwahnechee and similar variants), meaning "people who live in awahni".
Villages
The authenticated Southern Sierra Miwok villages are: History
After whites entered Yosemite and established Yosemite National Park the residents were of both Paiute and Miwok origin, they'd either fought to stalemate or agreed to peaceful coexistence, and had intermixed to a limited extent. [Notable Valley and Sierra Miwokans
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